Field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1991 at ibadan, nigeria, to assess effects of maize streak virus msv disease on growth and yield of maize varieties having different levels of disease resistance. Like many virus induced diseases, maize streak disease is naturally erratic, varying from insignificant in some years to epidemic proportions in others efron et al. Improvement of host resistance to these diseases can provide an important component of integrated pest management ipm. For the foregoing investigation of the relation between the virus of streak disease and, on the one hand, the insect. The entire genome of single component geminiviruses such as maize streak virus msv consists of a singlestranded circular dna of 2. Separate studies were done to determine the probability of exceeding 1% and 5% incidence of stewarts wilt on sweet corn with different reactions to pantoea stewartii, the effect of maize dwarf mosaic mdm on eight foliar diseases. Maize streak, maize stripe and maize mosaic virus diseases. Based on previous editions produced by cimmyt maize. Traces of lowland rust were observed in kirinyaga district. Fine chlorotic streaks in the youngest leaves 710 days after inoculation 2. By reducing yields of africas most important food crop, it seriously undermines the already precarious social and economic wellbeing of subsistence farmers throughout the continent. Incidence of maize streak virus the msv disease is a significant maize disease in countries in. Full details of our cookie policy can be found here. Pdf maize streak virus msv, the causal agent of maize streak disease msd, is one of the most significant biological threats to food security in.
Maize streak virus cannot be transmitted through seeds or any other method. The second phase of the maize streak virus project, whilst continuing to study the important aspects of the epidemiology of the disease, has concentrated on the development of management strategies for maize streak virus disease msvd based on cultural control practices that are acceptable to farmers. Diseases and sensitivity to p450metabolized herbicides can limit the production of high quality sweet corn. For example, streak disease of maize is diagnosed as due to maize streak virus msv. Kenya, south africa, zimbabwe and zaire, and west africa e. Of the 11 known strains of the etiological agent, msv, only the msva strain currently causes economically significant streak disease in maize.
In ghana, reoccurrence of the disease has been reported in several regions, therefore, necessitating the development of resistant hybrids as the most sustainable and economical option. Virus infection at early crop stages may result in total crop loss. Symptom evolution following the emergence of maize streak virus. Maize fine streak virus, a new leafhoppertransmitted. Field experiment was conducted at nkwanta in the volta. This paper describes experiments in the transmission of streak disease between maize, sugar cane, d. Maize streak virus the american phytopathological society. The genetic architecture of disease resistance in maize. Maize lethal necrosis is a disease caused by the synergistic interaction between maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus scmv. Msv disease reduced yield and growth in all years, but varieties differed significantly in amount of loss, disease severity and incidence.
Maize streak, maize stripe and maize mosaic virus diseases qj. Bacterial streak is an important disease of rice in asia, and no simply inherited sources of resistance have been identi. An example is kh500 43a which is, resistant to maize streak disease, very leafy has good taste when boiled. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable or starch. Methods such as elisa are employed to detect msv in diseased plants. This website uses cookies, some of which are essential to the operation of our site. The influence of tillage, fertilizer application and maize variety find, read and cite all. It is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner, and natural hosts include maize, sorghum, and itchgrass, similar to mmv. Combining ability of grain yield and agronomic traits in diverse maize lines with maize streak virus resistance for eastern africa region lilian gichuru. The kernels can be white, yellow, red, purple or black. Although this size is sufficient to encode only three average sized proteins, the virus is capable of causing severe disease of many monocots with symptoms of chlorosis and stunting. Maize streak disease msd is one of the most destructive diseases of maize zea mays l.
Maize streak virus msv maize stripe maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca. Maize streak virus genes essential for systemic spread and. Fungal diseases are presented in the following sequence. Pdf the epidemiology, economic impact and control of. Box 1, kyambogo, kampala, uganda corresponding author. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the results presented in 50 publications on qualitative and quantitative resistance to fungal, oomycete, bacterial, and viral pathogens and rgene analogs rgas in maize. Msv is a serious threat to maize production on the african continent. Host range and vulnerability of maize germ plasm vernon d. Its production is constraint by maize streak virus msv disease. Mar 26, 2020 pdf incidence and severity of maize streak disease. Maize streak msv barley stripe drechslera graminea. Jump to navigation jump to search bacterial diseases. Corn lethal necrosis maize lethal necrosis disease virus complex maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and maize dwarf mosaic virus mdmv a or b or wheat.
A double infection of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus scmv or any of the cereal viruses in the potyviridae group e. The reaction of maize genotypes to maize streak virus. Damsteegt, research plant pathologist, plant disease research. The leafhopper, cicadulina balclutha mbila naude, acted as the transmitting agent and was usually manipulated by the single. Maize corn diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. O box 30148 nairobi 2 university of reading, earley gate, reading po box 237, rg6 6ar, uk 3 pan livestock services.
Oct 25, 2005 bacterial streak is an important disease of rice in asia, and no simply inherited sources of resistance have been identified in rice. The epidemiology, economic impact and control of maize. Reaction of maize germplasm to common foliar diseases and variability of maize streak virus isolates charles alice kainyu bsc. Maize fine streak virus, a new leafhoppertransmitted rhabdovirus. This field facts briefly discusses msv and its leafhopper vector, maize streak disease symptoms and strategies for managing this disease. Outbreaks of the disease are often associated with drought conditions or irregular rains such as those in west africa in 1983 and 1984 rossel and thottappilly, 1985. The reaction of maize genotypes to maize streak virus disease in central uganda bua, b. This publication provides a database on all diseases of maize, caused by fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas, spiroplasmas, and viruses. The epidemiology, economic impact and control of maize streak. Maize streak virus an overview sciencedirect topics.
It is caused by maize streak virus msv, a geminivirus that is indigenous to africa. The evolution of msv, transmitted to maize by cicadulina mbila naude, is different. Damsteegt, research plant pathologist, plant disease research laboratory, agricultural research service, u. Plant rhabdoviruses have complex bacilliform or bulletshaped virions composed of rna, protein, and lipid and are transmitted. Plantdisease66n03 266 american phytopathological society. Incidence of maize streak virus the msv disease is a significant maize disease in countries in eastern and southern africa e. Response of maize inbreds and hybrids to vascular puncture inoculation with maize fine streak virus maize entry resistancew % infectionx audpcy severityz p3379 89 a 1760 a 2 spirit 84 a 1980 a 3 seneca chief 82 a 1570 ab 3 b73 80 a 1530 ab 2.
Natural resistance to msv in maize, andor maize infections caused by. A laboratory manual the international institute of. Combining ability of grain yield and agronomic traits in. The impact of maize streak virus disease on quality and yield of maize forage outputs of the maize dairy production systems in central highlands of kenya b. Maize streak disease msd is a major threat to cereal crops in subsaharan africa. Stunted growth, distorted male inflorescences and poorly developed ears management and control 1. Total feeding period 3 dual purpose maize varieties these are maize varieties that are. A maize resistance gene functions against bacterial streak.
Maize streak disease maize streak is characterized by chlorotic spots along the leaf veins, forming discontinuous streaks of varying thickness. Maize streak virus msv causes a leaf disease in maize known as maize streak disease, also commonly called msv or maize streak. Maize mosaic disease maize mosaic is characterized by. By closing this notice or continuing to use this website without disabling cookies, you consent to the use of cookies.
Streak merge into uniform, systemic chlorotic mottling followed by necrosis and death of leaves 3. Pdf incidence and severity of maize streak disease. Maize may also be referred to as corn or indian corn and is believed to originate from mexico and central america. Maize streak virus was severe in the lake victoria region of western kenya, central areas of kenya and in the coast. Streak disease caused by the maize streak virus msv, genus mastrevirus, family geminiviridaeis one of the most economically important diseases of maize, endemic to subsaharan africa and its o. Maize streak, maize stripe and maize mosaic virus diseases qj in the tropics africa and islands h in the indian ocean impact of maize virus diseases and current research vectors and epidemiology maize virus diagnosis and maize streak virus variability maize resistance and breeding dossier prepared by f. Natural resistance to msv in maize, andor maize infections caused by non maize adapted msv strains, can. A project was initiated to assess the current status of msd and to breed for its resistance. Association of maize streak virus disease and its vectors. We greatly appreciate the editorial assistance of cimmyt. Field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1991 at ibadan, nigeria, to assess effects of maize streak virus msv disease on growth and yield of maize v. Jun 12, 2009 maize streak virus msv, the causal agent of maize streak disease msd, is one of the most significant biological threats to food security in subsaharan africa. Maize streak disease virus is spread by several species of leafhoppers that belong to the genus cicadulina 23, 77, 107, 108, 117.
Reaction of maize germplasm to common foliar diseases. Significance and transmission of maize streak virus disease. Abstractpushpull strategies involve the behavioral manipulation of insect pests and their natural enemies via the integration of stimuli that act to make the protected resource unattractive or unsuitable to the pests push while luring them toward an. Maize rayado fino fine striping disease maize rayado fino virus mrfv maize red leaf and red stripe. Maize streak virus causes a plant disease, known as maize streak disease msd in its major host. Maize is an important cereal crop in subsaharan africa but production is adversely affected by maize streak virus disease msvd. This study investigated the interrelationships between altitudes and levels of soil macronutrients with msv disease and its vectors. This field facts briefly discusses msv and its leafhopper vector, maize streak disease symptoms. Maize streak virus msv is one of at least eight viruses that cause. Agriculture a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of.
Another, tobacco yellow dwarf virus, was the cause of relocating a tobaccogrowing industry in australia. Significance and transmission of maize streak virus. The disease can cause large losses in africa and is caused by maize stripe virus mspv. Structure of the maize streak virus geminate particle. Characterization of maize streak virus wiley online library. The development of management strategies for maize streak. Maize zea mays production in subsaharan africa is constantly threatened by the potential outbreak of multiple foliar diseases such as maize streak, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and rust. Msv is transmitted by several species of leafhoppers of the cicadulina spp. Genus mastrevirus, family geminiviri dae occurs throughout. Maize plantation of the selected farmers field observed carefully and symptoms of the diseases recorded. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of white maize and their corresponding yellow maize conversions for yield and tolerance to maize streak virus msv disease. This condition was subsequently shown to be caused by infection with maize streak virus msv, a species of the genus mastrevirus of the family geminiviridae mayo and pringle, 1997.
Department of agriculture, frederick, md 21701 abstract were obtained from usda regional damsteegt, v. Chlorosis with broken yellow streaks along the veins that contrast with the dark green of normal leaves 3. Effect of maize streak virus disease on the growth and yield of maize. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states in 2014. Pdf the epidemiology, economic impact and control of maize. Long discontinuous chlorotic streaks distributed uniformly over all leaf surfaces 2. Despite this, the average yield of maize in africa is the lowest in the world and, as a result, fails to meet the high demands in most subsaharan countries denic et al. Pdf pest and disease manualdiseases of maize pdfvirus. Detection of a virus in a diseased plant not necessarily is a proof that it causes the disease. Storey in eastern africa as long as 50 years ago 10. The impact of maize streak virus disease on quality and. Signs, symptoms and effects of plant diseases plant diseases a plant disease is any abnormal condition that alters the appearance or function of a plant. Severe maize streak disease msd manifests as pronounced, continuous parallel chlorotic streaks on leaves, with severe stunting of the affected plant and, usuallly, a failure to produce complete cobs or seed.
This field facts briefly discusses msv and its leafhopper vector. Severe infection can result in 100% yield losses, depending on time of infection and plant growth stage when initially infected. Quantitative resistance is used more frequently in maize than in a gene encoding maize caffeoylcoa omethyltransferase confers quantitative resistance to multiple pathogens qin yang1, yijian he1, mercy kabahuma2, timothy chaya3, amy kelly1, eli borrego4, yang bian5. Here, we examine changes over the past 110 years in symptoms induced in maize by the broad hostrange pathogen, maize streak virus msv. Transmission of maize streak virus from grasses to maize. Maize is an annual plant, surviving for only one growing season and can reach 23 m 710 ft in height. Numerous viral pathogens affect maize productivity, with maize streak virus disease msvd being considered as the most significant biological threat. Field experiment was conducted at nkwanta in the volta region of ghana during the cropping seasons of 2015 to assess the effects of tillage practices, fertilizer application and maize variety on the incidence and severity of msd. Status of northen leaf blight, phaeosphaeria maydis leaf.
Most diseases covered are economically significant or have the potential to become so. This disease was severe where napier grass pennisetum purpureum with streak like symptoms was near the infected maize plots. Maize streak virus causes severe losses if maize is infected at an early growth stage, approximately three weeks after emergence. Reaction of maize germplasm to common foliar diseases and. Maize streak disease on maize leaf caused by the maize streak virus red stripe of sugarcane on leaves pseudomonas rubrilineans. A gene encoding maize caffeoylcoa omethyltransferase.
Transmission of maize streak virus like many other viruses, maize streak virus depends on insect vectors for transmission between host plants. Information is provided for each disease against a standard set of items, designed to cover interests in all aspects of seed technology. Maize streak virus msv, the causal agent of maize streak disease msd, is one of the most significant biological threats to food security in subsaharan africa. Maize dwarf mosaic virus or wheat streak mosaic virus.
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